OG Test 1 综合写作题目重新选题
阅读材料
收起Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.
In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
听力材料
收起写作题目
收起Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.
答题辅导
收起1.阅读要点概括
Theme:
Altruismmeans one will sacrifice its interest for others even without return
Keypoint 1:
Humans’sharing of food and donation of body organs can be regarded as altruism
Keypoint 2:
Bysentinel guarding, meerkats will benefit others without gaining food
Keypoint 3:
Aftergiving alarms, the guarding one cannot ensure its own survival
2.听力要点概括
Theme:
Re-examine,a recent study
Keywords 1:
Before,stand guard, first, predator, most likely, escape, greater danger
Keywords 2:
Alarm,draw, attention away from, increasing, chances of survival
Keywords 3:
Donatesa kidney, stranger, appreciation, approval, society, self-worth, valuable.