开头篇

1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题.

　　e.g

　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. 在谈到.....,广大/绝大多数人的要求说.......但我觉得/观点有点不同。

[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the previous/latter ) 当涉及到....有些人认为.......一些人则认为/声称，相反/恰恰相反。可能有一些在两个参数真理/报表，但(我更倾向于前/后

[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether......

　　现在，它通常是/一般/普遍认为/月/承认，....他们声称/相信/认为...不过，我怀疑/怀疑.....

1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

　　e.g

[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 最近上升的问题/(现象)...已造成/引起公众/流行/宽/举世关注

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) 最近，问题的问题/ ...的现象已成为注意的焦点。 (已经被brouth公众的注意)

[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　----- To be continued !! 通货膨胀/贪污/社会不平等...又是新的和痛苦的真理，我们必须学会面对的/不断另一个。

1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/id dea of .. be more visible/popular than... 历史上从未有改变的..被明显的，因为...在世界任何地方/中国有问题/思想的..更可见/受欢迎的程度...

[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that... 现在越来越多的人/大量开始/来实现/接受/(知道)的...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... 现在，人们日益认识/认识到有必要逾......现在，人们越来越认识到/的重要性的认识......

[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 也许现在是有一个重新审视的态度/想法.......

1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . “知识就是力量。”这就是由培根说了。这句话也有同样的越来越多的人。

　　"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. “教育是不完整的毕业。”这就是一个伟大的美国哲学家的意见。现在，越来越多的人分享他的意见。

[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . "........."如何我们经常听到这样的声明/放入系统一样的话/本。

　　In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".在我们自己的日子，我们都已经习惯听到这样的传统抱怨，因为这"......".

1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . 多年来，...已被视为...但是，人们正在以新面貌了。随着越来越多... ，人....... 。

[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new. 人们曾经以为... (过去，....)但是，人们现在这个新的共享。

1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 一旦(报纸)，我阅读/学习....的现象...引起市民关注

　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 我有一个朋友谁...如果他.... ?这样的困境，我们常常遇到在我们的日常生活的。

　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 从前，有一位男子谁...这个故事可能是(难以置信)，但它仍然有现实意义现在

1-7 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

　　e.g:

　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

　　But in my opinion , ...... . 应/什么...... ?的选项...差别很大，有些...，有的...但我认为，......

结尾篇

2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .

　　e.g:

[1]. From what has been discussed above， we may safely draw theconclusion that ……

[2]. In summary/In a word ， it is more valuable ……

2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. We must call for an immediate method ， because the currentphenomenon of …… ， if allowed to proceed， will surely lead to the heavycost of ……

　　[2]. Obviously ， if we ignore/are blind to the problem ， there isevery chance that …… will be put in danger .

2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.

　　e.g:

[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirabletendency of ……

[2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken tocorrect the tendency .

2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately， still there are ways. Themost popular is …… Another method is …… Still another one is ……

[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward thesituation.

2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Many solutions are being offered here ， all of them make somesense， but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in awide way .

[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of ……， but …… might behelpful/beneficial.

[3]. The great challenge today is …… There is much difficulty ，but ……

2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success， butthe pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but alsobenefit ……

　　[2]. In any case， whether it is positive or negative， one thing iscertain that it will undoubtedly ……

　　Nowadays many people prefer (______)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally speaking,its advantages can be seen as follows.On one hand,(______).One the other hand,(_______).

　　But every sword has two blades.The negative aspects are also aparent.One of the prominent disadvantages is that (______).To make matters worse,(______).

　　Through the above analysis,I believe that The Positive aspects far outweighs its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has,one thing is certain,(_____) itself is neither good nor bad.It is the uses which is put on it that determines its value to our society.

Some,others and I

　　There is no consensus among people as to the view of (_____).The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (____).A case in point is that (_____).

　　On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them,(_____).The most typical example is that (______).

　　Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments,I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend,but (_____) is more convincing.

My view

　　When asked about (_____),some people hold the idea that (_____).As far as they are concerned,(______).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(_____).The reason for my choice are listed as follows.

　　First of all,(______).In addition,(______).Last but not the least,(______).

　　For the reasons mentioned above,I firmly believe (______).

Hot issue

　　With the development of the society,with the advent of (______).we have to face a problem that (______).

　　What are the reasons for it?To start with,(______).Moreover,(______).Furthermore,(______).

　　In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is hight time that people all over China realized the importance of (______);for another,the government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation under control.

　　Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....