Issue-123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.

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满分范文赏析

It is universally acknowledged that a well-developed sense of competition can contribute much to success in different areas such as government, sports and industry. Changing conditions, however, are creating the atmosphere wherein cooperation, not competition, is the quality most useful for success. As a result the best way for a society to prepare its young to lead in the world is by instilling them not only with a sense of competition, but also a sense of cooperation.

【此段结构】

第一句话针对competition进行了简要分析，相应地，第二句话转折后指出了cooperation的重要性。第三句话作者回应本题，提出观点，认为培养年轻人应当使他们既有竞争精神，又具合作精神。   

【此段功能】   

分析题目，提出观点。

The spirit of competition is a driving force in individuals. The competitive impulse fosters the desire for dominance. However, the world we live in doesn’t offer the same zero-sum game that it used to. For this reason, governments should take a more proactive role in creating an atmosphere of competition and cooperation. In this environment can the leaders of tomorrow learn the skills that they will be required to employ when working in a fully globalized world. This can be illustrated by the transformation of Chinese market policy. Decades ago, the planned economy policy was praised by Chinese leaders. This policy in which government played a key role to run entire business of nation is featured as absolute equality and eliminates any chance for competition. Unfortunately, these government-run businesses were ineffective due to lack of competition. In the end, the result was low productive capability. Realizing the disadvantages of such policy and desiring to reverse the straggling situation in China and catch up with developed countries, leaders have decided to transform the old economic system. Individuals and companies alike, for sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, and consequently, the entire society prospers, at least economically. Owing to the vitality of competitiveness, China can experience the prosperity than ever before.

【此段结构】   

总分结构。首句和第二句即提出竞争是进步的驱动力。第三四句缓和地提出竞争不是“你死我活”的状态，而是需要与合作并存，多方获利。接下来用中国经济的例子，论述了竞争的重要性，及其带来的益处。

【此段功能】

论述了竞争的重要性。   

In today’s world, competition requires more and more cooperation. Competition is not always a good thing to have, especially when it makes one party the winner and one party the loser. Through cooperation with others, all participants can benefit. In business, teamwork can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through synergy. The task of a good business leader is to set a common goal and corresponding rewards by which his teammates are motivated to interact with their colleagues towards collective efforts. Zhang ReiMing- CEO of Glanze and a very famous entrepreneur in China states that there is no special knack for success. “What I have done is just to make my employees feel better about themselves and let every single person in the company understand the essence of the business. After that, I create an environment in which they respect and cooperate with others to meet objectives.“ As we can see in this example, it is cooperation, not completion that makes success.

【此段结构】

总分结构。指出竞争中也许要更多的合作。第二三句指出竞争到非输即赢的程度便不是好事，而是通过合作获得共赢为佳。第四句和第五句指出在商界团队精神和合作的重要性。接下来举了格兰仕CEO说过的话作为例子，支持合作精神的重要性。最后一句更是总结道是合作而非竞争带来了成功。

【此段功能】  

论述合作的重要性。

A sense of competition and cooperation are not mutually independent. Actually, as an excellent competitor, not only can one compete with others who exceed him in some aspects but also he should breed the spirit of cooperation and develop, in others, a willingness to nurture weaknesses. It is the increasingly fierce competition in society that acts as the catalyst promoting a desire to cooperate.

【此段结构】

依旧总分结构。首句指出竞争与合作不是相互独立的，可见本段是论述竞争与合作相结合的好处。第二句较长，提出优秀的竞争者不仅可与他人竞争，还能培养合作精神，取人长补己短。第三句指出激烈的竞争是促进合作的催化剂。

【此段功能】

论述竞争与合作相结合的优点。

In conclusion, governments, much like the boss of the company discussed earlier, must play a part in creating an environment whereby members of a group can practice both cooperation and competition. This will benefit countries by turning out qualified and successful leaders, individuals equipped with sense of competition and cooperation.

【此段结构】

两句话。第一句总结了作者观点，培养未来领袖，竞争与合作的精神都很重要。第二句指出了这样的益处，也与本题相契合。

【此段功能】

总结全文，重申观点。

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满分要素分析

一、 语言表达
总的来说，本文的语言流畅优美。作者使用了许多长句的同时不忘穿插短句，令文章可读感增强。有许多词汇和表达的选用体现了作者比较扎实的英语语言基本功。

1.     Changing conditions, however, are creating the atmosphere wherein cooperation, not competition, is the quality most useful for success. 这一句使用了定语从句，wherein是副词，表示在其中、在那里，可用in which place替换，其后的句子是修饰先行词atmosphere的。

2.     However, the world we live in doesn’t offer the same zero-sum game that it used to. 这句中值得注意的是短语zero-sum game，它可以译为“得失所系的比赛”“零和比赛”，是指竞争中，没有平手，一方获胜而另一方惨败的情形。作者用在这里指过去的社会经常存在那种你死我活的竞争，其实不是很有益。

3.     This can be illustrated by the transformation of Chinese market policy. 选取这句话来简析的目的是提醒备考生，“举例”的说法不局限于“for example/instance”，像本句这样用“This can be illustrated by…”也是很好的选择。当然this是指代前文中的某个内容，因此要指示清晰。

4.     Individuals and companies alike, for sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, …. at least economically. 这句话中含有一个简单却容易使人困惑的词，即alike，它是副词，表示“以同样的程度”。虽然换成中文可能本句话并不好译，但是可以理解，它表示对个人和对公司来说，程度是一样的。什么的程度呢？后面的句子即是答案：为了在竞争中生存，继续改进服务和产品等等，这样的做法对个人，对公司，都是一样要去做的。

二、 逻辑结构

本文的层次非常清楚，常规的总分总结构，首尾段提出和总结观点，中间几段论述。作者给出的观点是认为竞争和合作的精神对培养未来领袖皆很重要。中间若干段给出的理由有三点：一，竞争的益处；二，合作的益处；三，竞争与合作相结合的益处。因为本文讨论的核心正是竞争与合作的关系，因此作者选取的三点理由都能够支持自己的观点。