Issue-104 (107). To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

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满分范文赏析

As public officials, leaders will influence society. Ethics and morals are widely accepted standards for members of a society to assess other members. I strongly agree that effective leaders who influence society should maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

【此段结构】

前两句分析了题目中提到的两个要素，领导人和伦理道德标准。第三句作者提出了对此的观点，同意题中的领导人应该遵循最高的伦理道德标准。

【此段功能】   

分析题目，提出观点。   

Although unique from laws, ethics and morality are considered subjective standards set forth by society. While the standards are subjective, they must still be regarded highly because of how commonly they are held. For instance, western and eastern countries view sexual morality separately, but in both of the cultures, it is commonly held that husband and wife should be loyal to each other. This is a widely accepted moral standard and in order to guarantee social stability, leaders in any society who adheres to these beliefs should, him or herself, uphold that code.

【此段结构】   

本段的前两句提出了遵守伦理道德的理由，在于它虽是主观的标准但是被人们广泛接受的。三句起用性道德举例，说明忠于配偶这个广泛认同的标准应当被领导人遵守。

【此段功能】

伦理道德是广泛受社会重视的，领导人应该遵守。   

Public officials are compensated with money paid by citizens in the form of taxes. So, not only do public officials serve society, they represent society. As representatives, and in exchange for the opportunity to both serve and make a living, it should be required that public officials and leaders uphold the highest moral and ethical standards. If they do not maintain the highest ethical and moral standards, they will lose trust of the people and in turn lose their ability to effectively govern. Since ethics and morality are widely admired by society, they are good advisors to a public figure, for him to know what is and what is not acceptable in terms of behavior in office.

【此段结构】

前三句给出了领导人需要坚守最高伦理道德标准的另一个理由——他们是靠民众税收获得收入的，也是民众和社会的代表。接着给出了领导人如果不遵守最高的伦理道德标准会有什么后果。最后一句重申领导人的公众形象决定了他们应当以身作则。   

【此段功能】   

领导人是民众的代表，需要坚守伦理道德标准才能获得信任，维持领导。   

Nevertheless, such concerns do not mean all public officials should take care of their life in ethical and moral aspects under all situations. When it comes to some private and insignificant questions, public officials should have their freedom and human rights, just as any other member of society. The most important aim is to ensure that leaders will be good examples, will not make harmful decisions and will uphold the fabric of society.

【此段结构】   

从Nevertheless可以看出本段是转折，谈论与前两段不相同的内容。作者在前两句话中指出在有些私人问题上，领导人可以拥有自由和人权，和其他公民一样。最后一句指出领导人遵守伦理道德的关键是他们可以作为优秀的榜样，不做出错误决定和有能力维持社会结构。   

【此段功能】

退一步论述领导人在某些情况下应该保持自由。   

In conclusion, upholding the highest ethical and moral standards should be a requisite for public officials. Society should carefully assess those it chooses to serve and represent them. Most importantly, society should be able to trust those individuals as good examples and pillars in the community.

【此段结构】

第一句话总结了全文论述，也是作者观点的体现，因为遵循最高的伦理道德标准是领导人必不可少的要素。后两句指出领导人作为公众榜样的重要性，对应了前文的论述。

【此段功能】

总结全文，重申作者观点。

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满分要素剖析

一、 语言表达
这篇作文的语言比较平实，文中没有出现过于复杂的长句或者语法结构，而是用相对简洁的句型和词汇表达了作者的观点。一些短语和固定搭配的使用体现了作者的英语水平还是扎实的。

1.     Although unique from laws, ethics and morality are considered subjective standards set forth by society. 这句中的unique与from连用是很正确的，表示与…相比是独特的，与be different from的用法类似。此外，set forth是一个固定搭配，表示阐明，在这里可以理解为是社会中大家都懂，即公认的。

2.     So, not only do public officials serve society, they represent society. 虽然这句话没有明显地出现but also的字样，但前面的not only还是显示出这句话表达的是“不仅…还…”的意思，递进关系。

3.     If they do not maintain the highest ethical and moral standards, they will lose trust of the people and in turn lose their ability to effectively govern. 这句话里的短语in turn除了表示轮流、依次的意思之外，还表示“转而，反过来”，本句中即是后者的意思。

4.     The most important aim is to ensure that leaders will be good examples, will not make harmful decisions and will uphold the fabric of society. 这句话中的uphold一词在前文中也有出现。这是一个GRE词汇，表示支持、维护的意思，可以接抽象名词如决定、尊严、意见、规定等，也可以接具体名词如屋顶。

二、 逻辑结构
作者在写作本文时展示了其严谨完整的逻辑。他/她的观点是同意领导人应该保持最高的伦理道德标准。在论述中，作者给出了两点理由来支持观点，分别是第二段的从伦理道德标准出发，和第三段从领导人角度提出。作者认为伦理道德标准是社会公认的，需要领导人遵守；以及领导人是靠纳税人供养的，是大众选出的代表，应该以身作则。第四段作者退一步承认有些私人的和不重要的情况下，领导人可以和其他公民一样享有自由和人权。作文的结构是常见的总分总，首段和末段分别提出和总结了观点。