第四大类   科技类

1 网络的作用
The technology revolution is upon us. In the past, there have been many triumphs in the world of technology. To this date, people are able to communicate over thousands of miles with the greatest of ease. The Internet connects nearly 400 million users worldwide and is an essential part of how we work, play, communicate, and conduct commerce. We use the Internet in ways that seemed unimaginable in the past.
The Internet provides convenience for people to learn at home. Internet based training has become a common business tool used to gain advancements in current jobs. Tutoring over the Internet is also available. Business on the Internet is a growing technology. Business on the Internet has no geographic boundaries; it has access to more consumers. Approximately 150 businesses join the Internet every day. There is less labor force needed and it is open 24 hours a day. The Internet is also a bigger and cheaper way to advertise. In the past 20 years, the Internet has changed a number of areas in society, especially the business world. In the last 40 years, the Internet has gone from a method of defense communication for the government, to a business venture for an entrepreneur or a fortune 500-company. The Internet is a way for gaining consumers, products and capital for a business.

2 网络带来的机遇
In a world of light-speed data transmission, any individual with little training and expertise can make a fortune from the Internet. Many companies, like Amazon.com or eBay, thrive from business done through Internet transactions. As computer technology progresses, data transmission becomes faster, and as high level encryption becomes available for public use, the amount of Internet consumers also grows. Technology advances also allow employees to work at home faster and safer. A manager’s first challenge is to create a presence on the web. With a phone line, computer, and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) authoring tools, a business can advertise or do business over the Internet. HTML authoring tools can be freeware, like Sausage Software’s Hot Dog, or advanced and expensive utilities like Microsoft Front Page. Any computer user familiar with a word processor can effectively use these applications with minimal training. Putting the HTML and graphic files on an Internet service provider’s(ISP) servers is sufficient for relatively low traffic sites. Some online businesses, like Amazon.com, handle hundreds of thousands of people, or hits, every day. They require specialized hardware and cabling to control the vast amount of traffic on their site per day.

3 互联网不能替代真实的人际交流
The Internet is not a substitute for real human interaction as a means for emotional and social fulfillment. The use of the Internet can be both highly entertaining and useful, but if it causes too much disengagement from real life, it can also be harmful. Until the technology evolves to be more beneficial, people should moderate their use of the Internet and monitor the uses to which they put it. While there are clear benefits to virtual communities formed around infocommunication networks, a balance should be maintained and social isolation minimized.

4 互联网催生了“独立自主的个人”
The Internet and the ICT revolution have created “sovereign individuals”— individuals who are empowered because they have access to new learning opportunities; are able to sell their own ideas, services or products directly to others; and can access medical information to make their own choices about health care. These sovereign individuals also have reliable and up-to-date information about government policies and programs that allows them to become better citizens.

5 互联网可以满足人们的情感和心理需求
The convenience and the anonymity provided by the Internet have led some people to turn to the Internet for emotional and psychological needs. The Net has become a means and method not only for doing business, but also for reaching people on a social and personal level. The latter has elicited some concern in the field of psychiatry. The Addiction Research Foundation in Toronto now accepts Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) as a real problem. Internet junkies, as those with IAD are called, interact more with their PCs than with real people. Psychiatrists consider this not just addiction but dependence, which is characterized by obsessiveness, a loss of control, and an inability to stop even if the person understands the dangers.

6 网络的危害
The Internet has many great uses, but, as anything else, negative things can be done there as well. The beauty of the Internet is that it is so large that it’s nearly impossible to keep track of what bad things everyone is doing. A few examples are someone can steal a cell phone and then by using the internet, they can reprogram the telephone to work off someone’s account and not be traced.

Other examples are the pirates of softwares. Someone can get a program that Microsoft sells for about one thousand dollars for free and it can’t be traced. There is another fact that nearly anything can be traded online, like drugs, weapons such as high power guns, bombs, and the list for these items goes on and on. One of the worst things that the police really want to get their hands on is Child Pornography. It is not so hard to keep track of when people had to go out and hand deliver this stuff, but through the Internet the scum who partake in this don’t have to leave their homes. A big problem is the fact that underage kids can see what they are not meant to. This does not just end up back at porn though; there are images of extreme violence on humans and animals. These images are not allowed to be viewed by anyone in Canada. However, different countries have different laws, and something that is not allowed here can easily be viewed by someone from a site in another country.

7 网络对孩子的危害及审查网络的必要性
The Internet being free and uncensored presents many problems. Children using the Internet have caused a fight for regulation. Parents cannot always monitor their children; therefore the Internet needs to be a safe place for children. Children have access to the Internet in schools, libraries, and just about anywhere. In schools it is nearly as impossible for a teacher to watch all the children, and in libraries it is not the librarian’s job to monitor them. Access to pornography has been one of the greatest concerns among parents. Children are naturally curious and love to explore. Just like on television, advertisers try to lure children in with pictures and web sites, which include games and chat rooms. The biggest danger is not what they find on the Internet but who they find. The information they access is not as dangerous as the people they meet. There have been many cases of molesters and kidnappers searching for prey online.

8 网络审查的必要性
The Internet offers a huge wealth of information both good and bad. Unfortunately, the very nature of the Internet makes policing this new domain practically impossible. The Internet began as a small university network in the United States and has blossomed into a vast telecommunications network spanning the globe. Today the Internet is ruled by no governing body and it is an open society for ideas to be developed and shared in. Unfortunately every society has its seedy underside and the Internet is no exception.

9 信息技术的诞生
With recording technologies, transmission, and early computers, it didn’t take very long for scientific advances to merge everything together. Information technology is the use of technology to enhance the speed and the efficiency of the transfer of information.
At first, computers were big, costly, and available only to universities and big corporations. Before the 1990s, most discoveries in information technology were driven by full time researchers having access to the high priced equipment. In the late 1980s however, small computers started to become available, such as the early Apple Computer systems, and Personal computers. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) developed the first open standard Personal Computer(IBM PC launched in US markets 1981 first deliveries to European markets 1982 and 1983), which standardized the software development. For the first time in the world history we had PCs that used the similar operating systems that allowed the computers users to communicate by using the same platform. IT-industry was revolutionized.

Soon after, we saw the birth of what we know as current information technology: personal computers in our own homes, using communication devices known as modems, to access information on remote servers. The first incarnation of those were BBS servers, setup by education facilities or even individual people, to store both information and allow discussion with chat and messages.

10 信息时代带来大量与信息产业相关的工作机会
The breadth of new work in the information age is immense. New workers can be seen in traditional industries (old workers renewed), in new ICT-related services and content provision(the information workers), in infrastructure development and maintenance of the information economy (information managers and entrepreneurs) and in a host of related areas.
Among the most in-demand and sought-after workers are information technology (IT)professionals.
According to a 1999 US Commerce Department study for more than 15 years, employment in the core IT occupations—computer scientists, computer engineers, system analysts and computer programmers—has grown at an astounding pace. The growth rate for computer scientists and system analysts has even accelerated in recent years.
The recent downturn has not changed this trend; it has only slowed down the demand.
But it is not only IT professionals who will thrive. What Robert Reich calls “symbolic analysts”—engineers, attorneys, scientists, professors, executives, journalists, consultants andother “mind workers” who engage in processing information and symbols for a living—will occupy a privileged position in that they can sell their services in the global economy. In an economy where information is critical, symbolic analysts or “knowledge workers” will constitutean elite group.

11 信息时代带来的变化
In the Information Age, it’s easy to forget that just 10 years ago, the Information Age was stuck on its launching pad. The Internet was unknown to nearly everyone except university researchers; TV was still patting itself on the back over cable success; films were searching for the next big thing; music was sold at record stores. Now, television and computers are colliding and millions of channels are on the horizon; films are bigger, clearer and cheaper to make; and music, more than any other industry, is using the Internet to market itself. HDTV will soon be rolling into homes, delivering a wider screen and digital picture. Television is on the brink of major changes that may forever alter the way we live. It should all happen with the inevitable switch from analog to digital technology. The world of television and entertainment is poised for explosion, and that explosion comes about because television becomes digital. It’s one of the premiere technology think tanks in the world.

12 对信息技术的政策回应
Studies have shown that technology diffusion is slow and costly and developing countries cannot assume that relevant new technologies will flow easily to them across international borders. Governments play a vital role in bridging the digital division. This is particularly true in developing national information infrastructures that will increase Internet access among the population. Specifically, governments should develop a policy and legal regulatory environment conducive to the creation of a robust national information infrastructure, including a regulatory environment that would increase competition and keep prices down. Government should also consider lowering or removing import duties and/or sales taxes on IT goods and services. This would contribute towards increasing PC penetration rates. Finally, governments’ own use of technology to enhance efficiency, effectiveness and transparency ( e-government ) could stimulate growth in the private ICT sector.

Governments should also encourage alternative access to the Internet. If, in the developed world, the PC through the telephone or cable networks is the main mode of accessing the Internet, developing countries should seriously consider the use of wireless technologies and devices to connect to the Internet.

13 数字革命的后果
The progressive digitization of mass media and telecommunications content begins to blur earlier distinctions between the communication of information and its processing, as well as between people and machines. Digitization makes communications from persons to machines, between machines, and even from machines to persons as easy as it is between persons. Also blurred are the distinctions among information types: numbers, words, pictures, and sounds, and eventually tastes, odors, and possibly even sensations; all might one day be stored, processed, and communicated in the same digital format.
On a societal level, the digital and ICT revolutions make possible better and cheaper access to knowledge and information. This speeds up transactions and processes and reduces their cost, which in turn benefits citizens and consumers.
The ability of ICTs to traverse time and distance allows human beings to interact with each other in new ways. Distance is no longer a consideration.

14 移动电话对社会的影响
A mode of communication that is more prevalent in the developing world than the computer-based Internet is the mobile phone. In most of Asia the mobile phone has become a familiar gadget. Interestingly, mobile phones are not used only for making voice calls but also for short messaging. It is believed that in the developing world more people will access the Internet via mobile phones than computers.

“Cell-telephony” also fits a social pattern organized around communities of choice and individualized interaction based on the selection of time, place, and partners of the interaction. In addition, the development of wireless Internet increases the possibility of personalized networking to a broader range of social situations. This enhances the capacity of individuals to rebuild structures of sociability from the bottom up.