Issue-27.In any field, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.

满分范文赏析

In any field, I concede that the beginner surpasses the expert, to some extent, in areas including imagination,creativity and exercise of bravery while challenging the existing theories and ideas. Nevertheless, without the proficiency and experience of experts and their guidance, beginners are not more likely than experts to make important contributions. Thus, from my point of view, cooperation between beginners and experts is the best way to make advancements in any field.

【此段结构】  

本段可以说是一个分总结构。作者先承认了beginners在某些方面的确可以超越experts的，后又转折说到experts相对于beginners优势。最后一句综合以上考虑，作者提出自己的观点，不同于题目所说，作者认为新手和专家协作是推动各个领域进步的最佳方式。  

【此段功能】  

总起全文，分析了题目的statement，提出作者观点。  

Apparently, unlike the experts, the beginners are more willing to challenge accepted theories and principles. Although they may feel unfamiliar or even strange with the new realm of study, they do their best to question the experts. Even though they may act recklessly and sometimes even aimlessly, they still rack their brains to think about the new things and eagerly put their assumptions into practice. We should acknowledge that without their courage to doubt the old ideas, some fields of study would not have been able to advance. Consider the theory of relativity, for example, which was brought forward by the greatest physical scientist Albert Einstein when he was just a young man. It began as a challenge of the physics theories of Newton that were accepted at that time. Young Einstein suffering humiliating jeers at the time of his audacious challenges but in time his theories we accepted around the world. Without his beginner’s bravery, this remarkable advancement could not have been made.

【此段结构】  

总分结构。首句提示读者，这段论述的是beginners的优势。作者给出的理由是新手更勇于对old ideas提出挑战和质疑，并且迫切地求新，因此可以为所在领域带来突破。用于支持的例证是年轻的爱因斯坦挑战牛顿的物理理论的例子。尽管起初爱因斯坦被嘲笑，但他的beginner精神终究为物理界带来重大贡献。  

【此段功能】  

论点一，从beginners优势的角度进行论述。  

Yet another example is the famous economist-John Nash, who successfully applied the theories of mathematics into the demonstration of certain economic phenomena and won the Nobel Prize by his first illustration of the non-cooperation game theory in his bachelor thesis. Without the imagination and creativity he had and the bravery with which he challenged the experts, he could not have made such a meaningful breakthrough.

【此段结构】  

用两句话讲述了另一个beginner做出贡献的事例，继续支持了上一段的观点。第一句简述了John Nash的例子，第二句总结说如果不是他具有创新力和想象力，并敢于挑战专家，他可能不会做出如此重大的突破。  

【此段功能】  

继续论点一，用另一个事例支持新手具有优势的论点。  

Admittedly, based on the knowledge accumulated by experience, the experts are more familiar than the novices. In my observation, great new accomplishments cannot be achieved with without complex understanding. To support my point, when we look into the laureates of the Nobel Prize in the recent years, we will find that all of them have long-time experience in their field.

【此段结构】  

本段虽短，但可以认作是总分结构。第一句作者围绕着专家的优势提出了自己的看法；第二句解释了原因；第三句用近年来诺贝尔奖得主的例子简单支持了观点。  

【此段功能】  

论点二，从experts角度进行论述。如此则涵盖了题目中statement提到的两方。  

In consideration of the points presented in the argument above, the best approach for the advancement in any field of inquiry is the cooperation of both beginners and experts. The former excels in their imagination, creativity and the courage of challenging the normand the latter is certainly more experienced, proficient and cautious in establishing their theories and applying them into practice. As a consequence,with the guidance of the experts, the novices can function as effectively.Another benefit is that the professionals can escape from some trivial routines by letting the beginner’s work on them and gain experience. This practice would thereby allow the expert to devote more time to higher matters. Both of them could benefit from the collaboration and both of them could make a progress ofthe field of study.

【此段结构】  

总分总结构。首句表明beginners和experts合作是推动各领域进步的最佳方式。接下来的一句，作者先后解释了新手的优点和专家的优势。随后，作者指出了二者合作后，新手和专家分别可得到哪些benefits。结论是，新手和专家都可以从合作中获得益处，并且都可以为所在领域的研究做贡献。  

【此段功能】  

综合前两点论述，提出第三个论点：新手和专家需合作才能做出贡献。  

In conclusion, I disagree with the initial argument. It certainly overstates the significance of and the ability of beginner’s ability to make meaningful contributions and breakthroughs.Instead, the more balanced approach that I presented herein should be considered for the benefit of advancement in the field.

【此段结构】  

一共只有三句话，可以看做是总分结构。首先为全文作出总结：不同意题目的initial argument。随后解释了原因。最后一句提出作者认为更为全面和妥当的观点。  

【此段功能】  

总结全文，提出对题目的异议，稍加解释补充，提出作者观点。  

满分要素剖析

一、语言表达
这篇GRE作文表意客观严谨，没有过多堆砌花哨复杂的语法和长难句，而是用很多简单的结构表达了作者的意图，简要明了，读起来无负担。许多词语的选择也体现了GRE级别应有的词汇水平。

1.In any field, I concede that the beginner surpasses the expert, to some extent, in areas including imagination, creativity and exercise of bravery while challenging the existing theories and ideas. 这一句中使用了插入语to some extent，尽管是比较简单的英语知识，但用在这种议论文中很合适。虽然去掉它句子依然成立，但有了to some extent可以使论述更加客观严谨。

2.Although they may feel unfamiliar or even strange with the new realm of study, they do their best to question theexperts. 这句话中的亮点词是realm，它有王国、国度的意思，是书面语言，也有界、领域、范围的意思。本句中是后者的，the new realm of study表示研究的新领域，用来这里比field或area显得高端洋气。

3.Even though they may act recklessly and sometimes even aimlessly, they still rack their brains to think about the new things and eagerly put their assumptions into practice. “rack one’s brain”是一个常见搭配，意为绞尽脑汁，远比think后面加一个副词要形象得多。此外，recklessly是reckless的副词形式，表示粗心鲁莽，这两个词在英文媒体上出现的频率也非常高，因此掌握并使用它显得很地道。

4.Young Einstein suffering humiliating jeers at the time ofhis audacious challenges but in time his theories we accepted around the world.这一句中的两个time值得注意。先是at thetime of中的time，表示一段时间；而in time词组的意思不是我们熟知的“及时”，而是“经过一段时间以后；最终，迟早”的意思。

二、逻辑结构
本文的思路清晰明了。作者采取常见的总分总框架，表达了自己对题目所给statement的分析。首段作者分析题目后提出观点，接下来的四段分别从三个角度进行论述，最后一段又总结和重申了观点。论述的三个角度完整地涵盖了问题的每个方面。题目牵涉到两个主体——beginners和experts，需要作者探讨这两者做出贡献的可能性。作者先论述了beginner的优势，并用爱因斯坦和John Nash的例子来支持；接下来论述了experts的优势，用诺贝尔奖得主作证据；最后作者提出将两者结合，令新手和专家合作，发挥各自优势才是为各自领域做贡献的最佳方式。