Issue-87. Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future because much of the information that people assumed was factual actually turned out to be inaccurate.

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满分范文赏析

Should we doubt every bit of information that we encounter? While so much we take for granted has, in fact, turned out to be incorrect over time, I think it would be impossible to question everything. The impracticality of such an activity would outweigh any benefit it may offer us.

【此段结构】  

第一句提出疑问：我们对所有的大小信息都应该表示怀疑吗？引出本文的话题。第二句分析题目加简述背景，同时提出了作者立场：尽管有很多人们想当然认为正确的事物随着时间推移被证明是不正确的，但质疑一切是不可能的。第三句补充说这样做的不切实际性超过了它能带来的益处。  

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分析题目背景，提出作者观点。  

To begin with, the argument asserts that every fact may one day be proven false. Actually, facts never change. For example, the Medieval Church and Inquisition persecuted Bruno for his beliefs about the planet but the fact never changed—the earth is far from being the center of the universe despite the hopes of religious zealots at the time. Equally, no matter how Edison had tried to incite public fear and distrust regarding alternating current electricity, the fact never changes that Tesla's electrical system turned out to be vastly superior to his direct current.

【此段结构】  

第一句话首先提出了本题中claim含义的一个方面：fact有一天可能被证明是不正确的。第二句反驳道，事实就是事实，永远不会变化。接下来用中世纪教会和宗教法庭因布鲁诺不同意地心说而对其迫害的例子，以及爱迪生与特斯拉的“电流之战”的例子来支持本段论点，说明事实不会因人而变。  

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论点一，阐述了事实的不可变性，说明事实不会因为质疑而变化。  

While facts don’t change, subjective interpretations of facts do. Human knowledge and comprehensive capability is limited. Humans use insufficient information or even false understanding to arrive at what they consider to be fact. For example, in ancient times, people believed a man could become sick because he offended spirits. Contemporary people recognize that it is infection, not spirits, that cause diseases.

【此段结构】  

第一句话承上启下，指出虽然事实不会变，但对其的主观理解会变。第二句谈到了人类知识和理解力的局限性，引出第三句的信息缺失和错误理解使人们得到并非事实的“事实”。接下来举例，用古代人和现代人对生病原因的不同认识来证明了本段观点。  

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论点二，因为知识和理解力的局限性，人们应该对事实持更严谨的态度。  

To sum up, while humans will inevitably arrive at wrong conclusions and label them facts, I essentially disagree with the assertion that facts will always prove to be untrue. I propose that, rather than questioning everything that is referred to as a fact, we more carefully consider the facts that are presented to us, making ourselves aware of who, and how the fact was arrived at and be, in general, a more prudent student.

【此段结构】  

第一句对应了论点一：以错误结论为事实是人类不可避免的错误，但不同意事实都会被证明是错误的观点。第二句对应了论点二，提出对事实应该持更严谨的态度，了解它们是由什么道理得来的。  

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总结全文论述，重申作者观点。  

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满分要素剖析

一、语言表达
这篇文章不加掩饰地令人感到作者的英语使用非常纯熟。从词汇和表达的运用，到前后的连接与对应，以及支持事例的描述，都让人暗叹真不愧是满分范文。下面从语言角度选取几句进行评析：

1、While so much we take for granted has, in fact, turned out to be incorrect over time, I think it would be impossible to question everything. 整个第一段的亮点已经多到不整段拿出来说就不过瘾，以这句为例，先用到了take (sth) for granted的短语，表示“认为…是理所当然”；随后in fact作为插入语，强调了题目所说的情况的确在现实中发生；turn out短语表示“原来是，结果是”；最后是形式主语it代替不定式的真正主语to question everything。

2、The impracticality of such an activity would outweigh any benefit it may offer us. 本句的outweigh一词，是“在（重要性等）方面超过”的意思。同样是进行比较，使用outweigh比more…than更显技高一筹。

3、For example …the earth is far from being the center of the universe despite the hopes of religious zealots at the time. 这一句中用到了far from这个固定搭配，表示一种否定的含义，比简单使用not要地道一些，显得语言更多样化。后面的zealot一词是“狂热分子”的意思，尤指宗教上、政治上的热心者。

4、Contemporary people recognize that it is infection, not spirits, that cause diseases. 这句话使用了宾语从句，宾语从句同时是一个使用了插入语的强调句。具体来说，not spirits作为插入语，强调了引发疾病的并不是神灵，而是前面说的infection，在it is…that的强调句型下，可见作者多么想强调该部分内容。从而提醒读者，对待facts要严谨，与本段论点相合。

二、逻辑结构
本文共计四个自然段，字数也不算多，完全不是长篇大论，但作者的高明之处在于，使用简短的文字清晰而完整地表达并论述了自己的观点。对于本题，作者在第一段总起，给出意见：不赞同题目的claim，质疑每一件事是不可能的。接下来使用两段分别从事和人两个角度进行论述。先是指出事实是客观的，不会因为质疑而变化；再是建议对待事实应该持严谨的态度，审慎思考，不要以错误结论为事实。最后一段总结，概括全文论述。整个文章角度清晰，涵盖完整，例证有力，语言流畅，确实是优秀的范文。