Issue-143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.

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满分范文赏析

There are a lot of benefits of incorporating ideas from outside one’s field but this, by no means, indicates that outside knowledge and experience is a necessary condition predicating the successful performance of one’s specialized task.

【此段结构】  

文章的开头段只有一句话，既包含了作者对题目的简要分析，又提出了作者的观点。这句话指出，吸收外界的知识对某一特定领域来说是很有益的，但不代表它是在某一领域成功的必要前提。   

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分析题目，提出作者观点。

Admittedly, borrowing knowledge and experience from other fields of study has indeed triggered significant breakthrough in many subjects. Quite a few, including biochemistry, economics, astronomy are undoubtedly the hybrids of subjects originally considered unrelated. One such breakthrough is the telescope, which was designed from amplifying tubes created for use by chemists. At first, the study of astray was limited in its development because of technological limitations. Then, a clever inventor used the amplifying tube to make a telescope. This invention signaled a changing point in the field of astronomy and thanks can be given to borrowing.

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总分。首句为本段中心句，提出了本段论点：“借来的”知识和经验为很多学科带来突破。第二句起即开始举例支持此论点。第二句话先大略地提出了一些混合多种知识的学科，第三句开始举了望远镜发明的例子。   

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论点一，“借来的”知识和经验为很多学科带来突破。

While it is wise to learn from outside experience, this does not indicate that it has necessarily predicates breakthrough. In physics and math, for example, it is difficult to mix with other sciences because they themselves are self-sufficient systems. For instance, Chen Jingrun, a mathematician, works for his whole life in solving the Goldbach Conjecture. However, the solution to such a puzzle was unknown until the day he died. There was no use in bringing information in from other fields in order to gain the answer. The solution simply required a lifetime of work and effort. So, borrowing is clearly not a predicate of breakthrough and advance.

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继续总分。第一句承上启下地提出，吸取其他学科的知识和经验是明智的选择，但不代表它是成功的必要保证。作者仍在第二句泛泛指出物理和数学这样自给自足的学科很难依靠其他学科的帮助来获得进展。第三句起具体举了陈景润毕生奉献给哥德巴赫猜想的例子来支持观点。   

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论点二，吸取其他学科的知识和经验是明智的选择，但不代表它是成功的必要保证。  

Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to development: long-term academic accumulation, the appropriate social and economic support, and even luck. All these factors can bring about a breakthrough and none of them rely on outside knowledge. For example, in America, the government emphasizes the importance of advancement in all fields by providing financial support. By these means can achievements be made.

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首句很长，但它依旧是个总起本段的中心句，表达了除借鉴其他学科外，还有诸多其他因素可助人取得学术突破，并举了几个例子。第二句话指出这几个例子都与outside knowledge无关。第三四句话具体举例，用美国为学术研究提供经济支持来证明这可以帮助学术研究取得成功，而不是题中说的outside knowledge。   

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论点三，指出取得突破和成功除了从其他学科获取帮助，还有许多其他因素。

All in all, we should consider many factors that contribute to advancement in any field, not just borrowing. In my opinion, significant progress in ones field can be attributed to a number of other factors as described above and bringing information or experience in from outside can sometimes prove fruitful and sometimes prove futile.

【此段结构】   

第一句话总结了作者观点，指出引领任何领域取得突破的除了外界知识，还应考虑到其他许多因素。第二句作者以自己的理解，总结了上文论述中提到的内容。  

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总结上文，重申观点。

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满分要素剖析

一、 语言表达
本文作者的语言总体来说运用还算自如，偶有表现得中规中矩的地方，但是毕竟没有出错，也有使用到很多语法知识和词汇表达。值得备考生借鉴的是作者的一些短语、固定搭配以及承上启下的连接词语用法。

1.     There are …but this, by no means, indicates that outside knowledge and experience is a necessary condition predicating the successful performance of one’s specialized task. 这句话中的固定搭配by no means是“决不”的意思，作者特意在其前后加了逗号，单独地将它强调出来，以显示对indicates后面的宾语从句内容多么地不赞同。

2.     Quite a few, including biochemistry, economics, astronomy are undoubtedly the hybrids of subjects originally considered unrelated. 开头的quite a few意思不同于a few，它不表示“不多”，而是表示“相当多，很不少”，很多人容易将此搞混，应予注意。Quite a few是形容多而不是少！

3.     For instance, Chen Jingrun, a mathematician, works for his whole life in solving the Goldbach Conjecture. 这句话中注意不要被for his whole life的语序影响了句意理解，补语for his whole life插在了works in solving…的works和in中间，而不是works for his whole life，his whole life作宾语。

4.     By these means can achievements be made. 这句话的方式状语by these means（means为单复数同形的名词）提前至句首了，因此谓语动词can放在了主语achievements的前面。

二、 逻辑结构

这道作文题认为除非吸收了其他领域的知识，否则一个学科不能取得进步。也就是说，只有吸收了外领域知识，一个学科才进步，前者是引起后者的必不可少的条件。但是作者认为，有了外界知识的帮助，一个学科可能进步也可能不进步；一个学科进步时，不一定依靠了外界知识的帮助。作者在总分总的框架下，在中间的“分”的几段中，提出了三个理由来论述自己的观点。首先，作者提出有些情况下，其他领域的知识是一个学科进步的理由；随后提出，不靠outside knowledge，有的学科也能自己取得突破；最后给出了促进一个学科进步的诸多其他理由。整个论述合起来完整地否定了题中的说法。